Yup, a quick test shows that result["collider"] does indeed hold a reference to the intersecting body
func _ready():
var space_state = get_world().direct_space_state
var result = space_state.intersect_ray(Vector3.ZERO, Vector3(5,0,0))
var collider = result.collider
print(collider)
prints StaticBody:[StaticBody:1264]