If that body is in only 1 layer then
func _on_Area2D_body_entered(body):
var layer = body.get_collision_layer()
However if that body is like an onion you're gonna have to get a little mathematical, each layer has a unique value/bit and multiple layers would be a combination of those values/bits
for example
body is in layer1 and layer5
layer1value = 2, layer5value=16
var layer = body.get_collision_layer()
#would return 18